Particle-Based Numerical Modelling of Liquid Marbles: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

A liquid marble is a droplet coated usually with hydrophobic particles that can hold very small volume without wetting the adjacent surface. This combination gives rise to set of unique properties such as resistance contamination, low-friction mobility and flexible manipulation, making them appealing for myriad engineering applications including miniature reactors, gas sensing drug delivery. Despite numerous experimental studies, numerical modelling investigations marbles are currently underrepresented in literature, although lead better understanding their overall behaviour while overcoming use cost- time-intensive experimental-only procedures. paper therefore evaluates capabilities three well-established widely-used particle-based frameworks, namely Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH)-based approaches, Coarse-Grained (CG)-based approaches Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM)-based investigate liquid-marble key applications. Through comprehensive review recent advancements, it reveals these demonstrate promising simulating complex multiphysical phenomena involved systems floatation, coalescence surface-tension-surface-area relationship. The further elaborates on perspective benefiting from computational techniques, become an even more effective exciting platform many cutting-edge large-scale